STEAM TURBINE TRAINING SET
A system that converts the thermal energy of steam under high pressure into mechanical rotational energy. Typically, this results in electricity generation. Steam is directed to pass through installed blades at high speed, creating a rotational movement. Laval (convergent-divergent) nozzles are used to convert the pressure energy of the steam into energy most efficiently. These nozzles first narrow and then gradually widen. Due to the nozzle's shape, the steam pressure passing through is converted into kinetic energy, i.e., velocity. The higher the steam velocity, the greater the pressure exerted by the steam jet on the encountered obstacle. This also depends on the steam's initial trajectory. If the blades on a shaft redirect the incoming steam almost tangentially, the steam applies a force in the tangential direction that rotates the shaft.To extract the energy in steam most efficiently, multi-stage turbines with successive stages are used. The blade sections of each stage are mounted on the same shaft and thus rotate at the same speed. This rotating assembly is called the rotor as a whole. Theoretically, all the steam pressure can be converted to velocity by reducing it to atmospheric pressure in a single nozzle. However, in this case, the shaft must rotate at very high speeds to achieve reasonable efficiency. This causes technical difficulties and may damage the machine due to large centrifugal forces. Turbines that use energy in successive stages are constructed based on various principles.
