HYDROFOR TRAINING SET
Hydrofor or water tank connected systems are installed when city network pressure is insufficient to meet the water demand of multi-storey buildings. Hydrofor and water tank can be used separately or connected together in some plumbing systems. Hydrofor (pressure tank) refers to the cylindric tank pumping systems that automatically compress low-pressure water with air to raise it to the desired height. The pressurization process is performed by the tank, pump, and auxiliary components attached to them. The closed tank acts as an air chamber. When water is pumped inside, air pressure increases proportionally to the water volume and compressed air exerts pressure on the water surface. At sea level, the normal atmospheric pressure is below 10.33 meters water column (m.w.c). This pressure alone is not enough to raise water. This pressure exists throughout the plumbing system. A manometer placed on the tank shows 0 (zero) kg/cm2. When the tank is filled halfway with water, the manometer shows 1 kg/cm2. Theoretically, this raises water 10 meters. When 2/3 of the tank is filled, the pressure gauge reads 2 kg/cm2; when 3/4 is filled, it shows 3 kg/cm2. This pressure theoretically raises water up to 30 meters. However, this pressure is insufficient. If a small amount of water is used from the system, the pressure immediately drops. Also, filling the tank completely with water poses a risk. For this reason, an air compressor is used and controlled by a pressure switch. When the system starts operating, the air pressure in the tank is increased to half of the required minimum pressure. Thus, more water can be drawn at the desired pressure. The operating pressure range of the pump must be determined. For example, if 5 kg/cm2 pressure is needed, a pressure switch (pressostat) is used to run the pump until 7 kg/cm2 pressure is reached. According to this, the pressure range is 2 kg/cm2. Water flows to the plumbing system until this pressure is consumed. When pressure drops to 5 kg/cm2, the pressure switch activates the pump again and water flow resumes. There is no need to restart the compressor until the air in the tank is completely mixed with water and lost. The hydrofor pump should have the capacity to provide sufficient pressure to the water and must be selected accordingly. Its function is to pressurize water taken from the well, tank, or network in the tank. It is made in centrifugal (volute) and multistage (centrifugal) types. Pump motors are produced in vertical or horizontal connection forms.
